How to use SQL's POSITION function with substrings
Expert Rudy Limeback explains with an example how to use the SQL POSITION function with substrings.
I have a column in one table which contains data like this:
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SE.108.000.034MFJ SE.108.000.034MFJ-0LNC SE.108.001.023LIN-1PBA.NNA SE.108.050.043ERTO-0FTA SE.045.000.011EMFJ
I would like to extract everything from the left until the "-" character. I have tried (SUBSTR(p1.location,1, INSTR(p1.location,'-')-1)) but the problem is that INSTR returns "0" if no "-" are found, and then the SUBSTR is empty. What other possibilities do I have?
Here's a really simple "trick" you can use: just concatenate a dash onto the end of the column when searching for the position of the first dash.
SELECT SUBSTRING(
p1.location
FROM 1
FOR POSITION('-' IN p1.location||'-') - 1
)
FROM daTable AS p1
In this query, the SUBSTRING and POSITION functions are the standard SQL versions of these functions. These functions behave just as you would expect. Your particular database system may have slightly different names and syntax for these functions, but they will work the same way.
When the column value contains a dash, you get the expected result. For example, consider the value:
SE.108.050.043ERTO-0FTA
This value is 23 characters long, and contains a dash at position 19. When we concatenate the extra dash to the end of this value, it becomes:
SE.108.050.043ERTO-0FTA-
However, the POSITION function will find the first dash at position 19. Then we subtract 1 from this position number, giving 18, and use this as the length of the substring to be extracted:
SE.108.050.043ERTO
Now let's consider the case where the column value contains no dash, such as:
SE.045.000.011EMFJ
This value is 18 characters long. When we concatenate the dash to the end of this value, it becomes:
SE.108.050.043EMFJ-
The POSITION function will find the extra dash which we concatenated to the end, at position 19. Subtracting 1 gives 18, which just happens to be the length of the original column value. So in this case, the SUBSTRING function returns the entire value.
Neat, eh?
