There are two ways. The preferred way with Oracle's databases today is to use RMAN. The following will perform a hot backup using RMAN:
rman target /
run {
allocate channel t1 type disk format '/dir/%d_FULL_%U ';
backup database;
}
Alternatively, you can place a tablespace in hot backup mode by the following:
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_name BEGIN BACKUP;
Once a tablespace is in backup mode, you can use any OS utility to copy the tablespace's datafiles to the backup location. Once the tablespace backup is done, end the tablespace backup:
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_name END BACKUP;
Repeat for each tablespace.
Read more about hot backups and other backup and recovery issues in our Database storage management All-in-One Guide.
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