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1)You answer to this question all depends on your
platform. The Oracle documentation contains a section
on platform specific information. I highly suggest you
read this material to answer this question.
2)
If you don't want to change anything, you can go with
the default SID of "ORCL". The DB_NAME should be the
same as the SID.
In the real world, we tend to give the SID a
meaningful name. In our installation, we name the SID
something meaningful which describes the database
function. Then, we append one of the following: "P"
for production databases, "D" for development
databases, and "T" for test databases.
3)
CATALOG and CATPROC are in the
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory. You can run them
by signing on to the database as SYS and issuing the
following commands in SQL*Plus:
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc
If you use the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)
to create your database (highly recommended), then it
will run these scripts for you.
4)
You must connect as SYS AS SYSDBA to create the
database. Or, you can CONNECT / AS SYSDBA. This is the
same thing. You cannot connect as SYSTEM and create
the database. 5)
Backups and recovery is a complex topic that requires
lots of study. The simplest thing to do is to bring
down the database (SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE), then backup
the file system(s) that contain the database
datafiles. You can use whatever backup method you
want.
Here are a few books that I would recommend for
beginners. Both can be found on Oracle Press:
Oracle Complete Reference by Koch & Loney
Oracle DBA Handbook by Loney
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